Ervention conducted under the auspices of the Work, Family Health Network

Ervention conducted under the auspices of the Work, Lurbinectedin site family Health Network suggested that workplace shifts toward a “results-only work environment” resulted in less work interference with family (Moen et al., 2011).Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptFam Relat. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 February 01.Grzywacz and SmithPageThe pathway linking parenting practices to work amily conflict is comparatively underdeveloped. We have not been able to locate any studies of parenting practices (e.g., parental monitoring, solicitation, sensitivity, or responsiveness) and their associations with work amily conflict. There is evidence indicating that working parents experience more family interference with work than childless adults (Grzywacz Marks, 2000a) and that work amily conflict varies across childhood (Buehler O’Brien, 2011). In other words, work interference with family appears most 3-Methyladenine chemical information problematic for parents of infants, is least problematic for parents of 3-year-olds, and then increases though the school-age years. Workers with more children at home experience more frequent work interference with family and family interference with work (Byron, 2005). Greater self-appraised family stressors are associated with greater work interference with family ( = .35) and family interference with work ( = .40; Michel et al., 2011). Likewise, Michel et al. (2011) found that greater perceived role overload in the family was associated with greater work interference with family and family interference with work ( = .24 and = .35, respectively). Shifting attention to the putative health-related implications of work amily conflict, Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran (2005) reported consistent evidence that work amily conflict was associated with poorer health outcomes. Although “health” was typically operationalized in terms of depressive symptoms or other indicators of mental health, Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran reported small average adjusted correlations of work interference with family and family interference with work with health ( = -.26 and -.27, respectively). More recently, Amstad and colleagues’ (Amstad, Meier, Fasel, Elfering, Semmer, 2011) meta-analysis reported that work interference with family had small but variable correlations with different health outcomes, including self-reported health problems ( = .28), psychological strain ( = .35), somatic symptoms ( = .29), and depressive symptoms ( = .23). Although fewer studies were included in their meta-analysis, Amstad and colleagues reported that family interference with work had smaller but significant associations with self-reported health problems ( = .24), psychological strain ( = .21), somatic symptoms ( = .14), and depressive symptoms ( = .22). Although not reported in meta-analyses, individual studies linking work amily conflict with health control for generalized stressors such as job pressure and family demands (e.g., Frone, Russell, Cooper, 1997) or self-reported previous health (Grzywacz, 2000), suggesting the deleterious potential health consequences of work amily conflict are not confounded by more ambient stressors or health processes, such as health history or family history of disease. The work amily conflict and health literature is heavily reliant on cross-sectional research designs. Nevertheless, longitudinal research has linked strains associated with work amily conflict with incident hypertension (Frone, Russell, Cooper, 19.Ervention conducted under the auspices of the Work, Family Health Network suggested that workplace shifts toward a “results-only work environment” resulted in less work interference with family (Moen et al., 2011).Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptFam Relat. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 February 01.Grzywacz and SmithPageThe pathway linking parenting practices to work amily conflict is comparatively underdeveloped. We have not been able to locate any studies of parenting practices (e.g., parental monitoring, solicitation, sensitivity, or responsiveness) and their associations with work amily conflict. There is evidence indicating that working parents experience more family interference with work than childless adults (Grzywacz Marks, 2000a) and that work amily conflict varies across childhood (Buehler O’Brien, 2011). In other words, work interference with family appears most problematic for parents of infants, is least problematic for parents of 3-year-olds, and then increases though the school-age years. Workers with more children at home experience more frequent work interference with family and family interference with work (Byron, 2005). Greater self-appraised family stressors are associated with greater work interference with family ( = .35) and family interference with work ( = .40; Michel et al., 2011). Likewise, Michel et al. (2011) found that greater perceived role overload in the family was associated with greater work interference with family and family interference with work ( = .24 and = .35, respectively). Shifting attention to the putative health-related implications of work amily conflict, Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran (2005) reported consistent evidence that work amily conflict was associated with poorer health outcomes. Although “health” was typically operationalized in terms of depressive symptoms or other indicators of mental health, Mesmer-Magnus and Viswesvaran reported small average adjusted correlations of work interference with family and family interference with work with health ( = -.26 and -.27, respectively). More recently, Amstad and colleagues’ (Amstad, Meier, Fasel, Elfering, Semmer, 2011) meta-analysis reported that work interference with family had small but variable correlations with different health outcomes, including self-reported health problems ( = .28), psychological strain ( = .35), somatic symptoms ( = .29), and depressive symptoms ( = .23). Although fewer studies were included in their meta-analysis, Amstad and colleagues reported that family interference with work had smaller but significant associations with self-reported health problems ( = .24), psychological strain ( = .21), somatic symptoms ( = .14), and depressive symptoms ( = .22). Although not reported in meta-analyses, individual studies linking work amily conflict with health control for generalized stressors such as job pressure and family demands (e.g., Frone, Russell, Cooper, 1997) or self-reported previous health (Grzywacz, 2000), suggesting the deleterious potential health consequences of work amily conflict are not confounded by more ambient stressors or health processes, such as health history or family history of disease. The work amily conflict and health literature is heavily reliant on cross-sectional research designs. Nevertheless, longitudinal research has linked strains associated with work amily conflict with incident hypertension (Frone, Russell, Cooper, 19.