T, Germany). Carotenoid requirements (979 ) have been purchased from CaroteNature (M singen, SwitzerlandT, Germany).

T, Germany). Carotenoid requirements (979 ) have been purchased from CaroteNature (M singen, Switzerland
T, Germany). Carotenoid requirements (979 ) had been purchased from CaroteNature (M singen, Switzerland). Pure tocopherols (95 ) had been obtained from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Pyrogallol (99 ), magnesium carbonate fundamental (40 as MgO), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (99 ), and (all-rac)–tocopheryl acetate (96 ) were purchased from FAUC 365 Dopamine Receptor hydroxytoluene (BHT). Right after solvent removal, making use of a rotary evaporator, the residue was dissolved in 10 mL of n-hexane. The isolation of chlorophyll reference requirements was accomplished via semi-preparative HPLC (Merck Hitachi 7000 series) in normal-phase mode (ACE 5 Sil, 250 7.75 mm) applying a variable wavelength detector at 662 nm. Gradient elution at 25 C was used with an n-hexane-i-propanol eluent (97/3; v/v) at 0 min, using a linear increase of i-propanol (9 ) over 60 min, at a flow price of four.0 mL/min and injection volume of as much as 200 sample. Fractions of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were isolated at retention occasions of 22.7 min and 29.9 min, also as pheophytin at 16.four min. Identity and purity of isolated fractions was confirmed by reversed-phase HPLC methodology described in Section 2.5. Concentrations of chlorophyll requirements were determined via VIS spectrophotometry applying wavelengths of 662 nm (chlorophyll a) and 644 nm (chlorophyll b). two.three. Samples Description Fresh kale was purchased for the duration of winter from regional distributors (Jena, Germany). Kale leaves had been manually separated from stems. A knife mill (Retsch Grindomix GM 200) served to shred leaves to puree-like portions at 8000 rpm for 30 s. Kale samples, intended for high-pressure processing, had been transferred into 2 mL polypropylene cryo tubes. Highpressure processing was carried out at pressure levels of 200 MPa, 400 MPa, and 600 MPa, such as a set of three holding occasions (five min, ten min, and 40 min) for each and every pressure regime. Right after HPP treatment, all samples have been quickly deep-frozen at -25 C. two.4. High-Pressure Processing A high-pressure pilot plant (Dieckers, Willich, Germany) was utilised for the stress remedy of kale puree. A mixture of water/ethylene glycol (50:50, v/v) served as pressure transduction liquid. The unit was equipped wi.