F six proteins tested from the SU-YTH list, two proteins, ERGIC

F six proteins tested from the SU-YTH list, two proteins, ERGIC and YIF1, are strong candidate interactors of TRPML1, showing association with TRPML1 using both Immunoprecipitation/Western and SU-YTH assays (Table 1). P5KT1(NP_032872) is also a candidate interactor because it associated with TRPML1 using Immunoprecipitation/Western but not SU-YTH assays (Table 1). Thus, while it is clear that, as expected, both the Immunoprecipitation/Mass Spectrometry and the SU-YTH screens yielded false-positive results, both screens also missed candidate interactors. This observation suggests that a more comprehensive identification of interactors of a protein of interest requires multiple screens. Furthermore, given that interacting proteins could be missed by each individual screen,Proteins That Interact with TRPMLfurther analyses should not be confined solely to the proteins that are preliminarily identified by both screens. As such, the potential TRPML1 interactors we identified in our screens are a good resource for identifying proteins that interact with TRPML1 (Tables S2, S3). The molecular identities of the candidate TRPML1 interactors suggest potential roles in TRPML1 biology. In other systems, both ERGIC and Golgi 3 (ERGIC) and Yip1 Interacting Factor (YIF1) have been implicated in ER/Golgi transport, suggesting that these proteins may mediate the biosynthetic transport of TRPML1 protein [40,41]. STOML1 is an 307538-42-7 chemical information integral membrane protein that had previously been shown to localize to late endosomes/lysosomes [42]. Intriguingly, STOML1 has a lumenal sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) domain. This observation suggests that TRPML1 may function in lipid transport from late endosomes/lysosomes through its interactions with STOML1, which is consistent with a reduced efficiency of this lipid transport step in MLIV cells. Rac2 and Cdc42 are small GTPases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton [43]. Rac2 and Cdc42 may be involved in the lysosome biogenesis (also referred to as lysosome reformation) and/or lysosome exocytosis functions of TRPML1,because Rac2 and Cdc42 localize to both late endosomes and lysosomes with TRPML1 and also to the plasma membrane (Fig. 5) [23,44,45]. We had previously showed that CUP-5, the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of TRPML1 functions in lysosome biogenesis [45]. Subsequently, the C. elegans small GTPase RAB-2 was also shown to function in lysosome biogenesis in the same cells as CUP-5 [46,47]. Thus C. elegans RAB-2 may be the worm homologue of AN 3199 mammalian Rac2 mediating the lysosomal transport functions of CUP-5. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type I-Beta (P5KT1) generates phospholipid PI(4,5)P2, which functions as a modulator of several membrane transport and signaling processes and as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton [48,49,50]. P5KT1 may function with TRPML1 during lysosome exocytosis given the strong localization of P5KT1 to the plasma membrane (Fig. 5). Supporting this potential lysosome exocytosis function, regulation of PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane is critical during exocytosis, including of lysosome-related organelles [51,52,53]. The novel protein Likely Orthologue of Human FAM11A Family with Sequence Similarity 11, Member (NP9) is a multi-spanning integral membrane protein of unknown function. NP9 co-localizes with TRPML1 on late endosomes/lysosomes, suggesting possible roles in one of TRPML1’s trafficking and/or channel functions in these compartments. It may be significant that some of the can.F six proteins tested from the SU-YTH list, two proteins, ERGIC and YIF1, are strong candidate interactors of TRPML1, showing association with TRPML1 using both Immunoprecipitation/Western and SU-YTH assays (Table 1). P5KT1(NP_032872) is also a candidate interactor because it associated with TRPML1 using Immunoprecipitation/Western but not SU-YTH assays (Table 1). Thus, while it is clear that, as expected, both the Immunoprecipitation/Mass Spectrometry and the SU-YTH screens yielded false-positive results, both screens also missed candidate interactors. This observation suggests that a more comprehensive identification of interactors of a protein of interest requires multiple screens. Furthermore, given that interacting proteins could be missed by each individual screen,Proteins That Interact with TRPMLfurther analyses should not be confined solely to the proteins that are preliminarily identified by both screens. As such, the potential TRPML1 interactors we identified in our screens are a good resource for identifying proteins that interact with TRPML1 (Tables S2, S3). The molecular identities of the candidate TRPML1 interactors suggest potential roles in TRPML1 biology. In other systems, both ERGIC and Golgi 3 (ERGIC) and Yip1 Interacting Factor (YIF1) have been implicated in ER/Golgi transport, suggesting that these proteins may mediate the biosynthetic transport of TRPML1 protein [40,41]. STOML1 is an integral membrane protein that had previously been shown to localize to late endosomes/lysosomes [42]. Intriguingly, STOML1 has a lumenal sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) domain. This observation suggests that TRPML1 may function in lipid transport from late endosomes/lysosomes through its interactions with STOML1, which is consistent with a reduced efficiency of this lipid transport step in MLIV cells. Rac2 and Cdc42 are small GTPases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton [43]. Rac2 and Cdc42 may be involved in the lysosome biogenesis (also referred to as lysosome reformation) and/or lysosome exocytosis functions of TRPML1,because Rac2 and Cdc42 localize to both late endosomes and lysosomes with TRPML1 and also to the plasma membrane (Fig. 5) [23,44,45]. We had previously showed that CUP-5, the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of TRPML1 functions in lysosome biogenesis [45]. Subsequently, the C. elegans small GTPase RAB-2 was also shown to function in lysosome biogenesis in the same cells as CUP-5 [46,47]. Thus C. elegans RAB-2 may be the worm homologue of mammalian Rac2 mediating the lysosomal transport functions of CUP-5. Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type I-Beta (P5KT1) generates phospholipid PI(4,5)P2, which functions as a modulator of several membrane transport and signaling processes and as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton [48,49,50]. P5KT1 may function with TRPML1 during lysosome exocytosis given the strong localization of P5KT1 to the plasma membrane (Fig. 5). Supporting this potential lysosome exocytosis function, regulation of PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane is critical during exocytosis, including of lysosome-related organelles [51,52,53]. The novel protein Likely Orthologue of Human FAM11A Family with Sequence Similarity 11, Member (NP9) is a multi-spanning integral membrane protein of unknown function. NP9 co-localizes with TRPML1 on late endosomes/lysosomes, suggesting possible roles in one of TRPML1’s trafficking and/or channel functions in these compartments. It may be significant that some of the can.