Oteins with high molecular weight (>20 KDa). SPSVs may be involved inOteins with high molecular

Oteins with high molecular weight (>20 KDa). SPSVs may be involved in
Oteins with high molecular weight (>20 KDa). SPSVs may be involved in PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28499442 post-translational processing of other venom peptides, and can also function as “spreading factors” in order to facilitate the spread of other venom peptides[56].The atypical possible toxin types In addition to those known types of venom peptides and proteins as described above, there are also several clusters supposed to encode novel venom peptide types, base on their high expression level and the presence of the signal peptide.nal sequence of 23 residues and a premature peptide of 37 residues. The premature peptide has a typical processing signal (Gly-Lys-Arg) at positions 14?6[36]. It remains to be explored whether jendins have a similar post-translational processing as cytolytic peptides[34,58]. GSK-AHAB side effects Furthermore, their biological function remains to be investigated. Besides, there are several medium-abundant clusters which are deduced to encode eight novel types of scorpion venom peptides [see Additional file 1]. They are either cysteine-free or cysteine-rich. Similar to jendins, they have not homologs found from public database. The presence of atypical venom peptides and proteins indicates that scorpion venoms are a rather complex pool, and multiple currently unkown types of venom peptides and proteins remain to be characterized from different PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693494 scorpion lineages.Common cellular protein ESTs The scorpion venom gland is a specialized organ for synthesizing and secreting venom components. As demonstrated in Scorpiops jendeki, transcripts for different types of venom peptides and proteins account for more than 50 of the full transcriptome. So it is interesting to overview the physiological state of the venom gland when it highly expresses venom peptides and proteins.A highly expressed type of venom peptides was identified to be encoded by clusters SJE002C and SJE021C containing 37 and 22 ESTs each (Figure 12). Here we named them jendins. They have no hit found against any public database, indicating that jendins are an atypical peptide types from scorpion venoms. Jendin precursors consist of a sig-Among the matched non-toxin transcripts, 153 clusters (260 ESTs) have their physiological function found (Fig-Figure 10 Sequence alignment of anionic peptides Sequence alignment of anionic peptides. SJEs are clusters from this work. Q5G8B2, Q5G8A9, Q5G8B1, and Q5G8B0 are different anionic peptides from the scorpion Tityus costatus.Page 9 of(page number not for citation purposes)BMC Genomics 2009, 10:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/Figure 11 N-terminal sequence alignment of SPSVs (serine proteases from scorpion venoms) N-terminal sequence alignment of SPSVs (serine proteases from scorpion venoms). SJEs are clusters from this work. P0C8M2 is BMK-CBP obtained from the scorpion Mesobuthus martensii. ure 13). Most of these clusters consist of only one or a few ESTs. Although the limited sequencing data of this study is far from the complete description of Scorpiops jendeki venom gland, it could be used to roughly estimate the ralative redundance of each category. Genes, which are involved in RNA transcription and especially protein metabolism, are highly expressed in the Scorpiops jendeki venom gland. The molecules related to protein metabolism are mainly diverse kinds of ribosomal proteins responsible for protein synthesis. Besides, protein synthesis and other metabolic process are highly energy-consuming, and protein processing and transporting is also intense for the ne.