ElluloseSurface ModificationpH five 5 5 5 three five -Removal Efficiency (mg/g) 165 117 138 135

ElluloseSurface ModificationpH five 5 5 5 three five -Removal Efficiency (mg/g) 165 117 138 135 10.3 123 82.19 76.Langmuir Qmax (mg -1 ) 1.131.98 251 11.2 90.91 24.59 one hundred.0 12.six 87.41 65.53 125.0 KL
ElluloseSurface ModificationpH five five five 5 three five -Removal Efficiency (mg/g) 165 117 138 135 10.three 123 82.19 76.Langmuir Qmax (mg -1 ) 1.131.98 251 11.two 90.91 24.59 one hundred.0 12.six 87.41 65.53 125.0 KL (L g-1 ) 1.692.92 0.69 0.011 0.002 0.084 0.004 0.003 0.058 0.002 R2 KF -Freundlich 1/n 0.410.48 0.66 0.13 0.53 0.30 0.64 0.62 0.50 0.66 R2 0.870.993 0.93 0.838 0.909 0.960 0.802 0.982 0.898 0.793 Ref. [81] [81] [81] [81] [82] [59] [83] [83] [83] [84] [85] [84] [85] [86] [86] [86] [86] [86] [86] [86] [86] [87] [84] [75] [85] [75] [75]0.970.650.996 1.44 0.97 0.962 0.876 0.976 0.799 0.993 0.961 0.500 72.eight five.389 1.626 5.17 1.37 0.995 five.70 1.10 -4.5 four.five four.five four.five 4.five four.five four.5 8 8 eight 4.five 4.five 7 five.five 794.77 9.67 22.six four.25 four.77 three.92 4.36 4.19 13.6 10.9 12.4 57.2 60.four 65 28.six 25Pb2+ Pb2+ Pb2+ Pb2+ Cr3+ Mn2+Carboxymethylation (-COO- ) Fe3 O4 /BC hybrid nanocomposite Polyethyleneimine grafting Fe3 O4 /BC hybrid nanocompositeAnionic modification (carboxylic groups) believes to be probably the most prevalent approach to enhance the adsorption capacity towards hazardous metal ions removal. The greater numbers of negative binding web sites the Etomoxir Autophagy enhanced complexation and ion-exchange adsorption toward different hazardous metals ions. For example, the carboxylated CNFs can adsorb Pb2+ , Cd2+ , Ni2+, and Cr3+ from aqueous options with an efficiency enhance of 30 compared with unmodified CNFs [74]. Formation of anionic carboxylate groups with really high densities (TEMPO-oxidized) on CNFs has been specifically used for the removal of radioactive uranyl ions (UO2 2+ ). The adsorption values of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs are two times larger than these of classic adsorbents (hydrogels and SiO2 NPs) [56]. Copper adsorption Bestatin In Vitro elevated with pH and degree of TEPO-oxidation, with no noticeable adsorption at pH 7. Considering the fact that at low pH all carboxylic groups are protonated, and so can’t trap copper ions, as pH increases the volume of carboxylic acid entities decreases for the advantage of their negatively charged carboxylate counterparts, which can adsorb Cu2+ [58].Nanomaterials 2021, 11,10 ofSulfate functionalization (-O-SO3 ) of nanocelluloses (CNCs and CNFs) surface is usually achieved by an acid hydrolysis reaction. Sulfuric acid is usually a low cost chemical to produce nanocellulose with sulfate groups. However, as a consequence of the extremely concentrated sulfuric acid, the use of sulfuric acid results in hydrolysis from the amorphous region and the formation of the CNCs in lieu of CNFs [57]. Employing sulfonated CNF prepared from wheat straw pulp fine, Pb2+ was effectively adsorbed from model options (1.2 mmol -1 ), whereas unmodified CNF demonstrated low adsorption capacities [54]. The unmodified CNCs had a higher ability to adsorb Ag+ (34 mg -1 ) than the CNFs (15 mg -1 ) resulting from the absence of surface sulfate groups [60]. Inside the remediation of cationic toxic metals from water bodies, CNCs were extracted from rice straw by using a mixture of HCl/H2 SO4 acid [59]. The Cd2+ , Pb2+ , and Ni2+ ions were removed with adsorption capacity of 9.7, 9.42, and eight.55 mg -1 , respectively, at a pH of 6 [61]. Functionalized bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) was investigated for wastewater treatment applications [84,87]. Depending on the fact that, certain adsorption capacity (active adsorption internet sites) of untreated BNC is very low resulting from the absence of surface charges [84,86]. The BNC fiber surfaces have to be surface functionalized to enhance the certain adsorption and capture of hazardous metal ions along with other pollutants. As an illustration, amino-functionalized BNC.