1 was not sufficiently explored. Amongst six species reported for theA single was not sufficiently

1 was not sufficiently explored. Amongst six species reported for the
A single was not sufficiently explored. Among six species reported for the location, P. dubia (MCC950 Data Sheet Djakonov et Saveljeva), P. japonica Ohshima and P. mus Djakonov are known only from the original descriptions, all of them lacking facts on the morphological characters presently employed for species delimitation. A different species frequent towards the location identified as Peniagone cf. incerta (Th l) in Mironov et al. [4] needs further investigation on account of identification uncertainty. Two more species, P. purpurea Th l and P. gracilis (Ludwig), reported by Gebruk [22] are also in need of re-examination considering that a Charybdotoxin Technical Information number of their morphological features differ from these inside the original descriptions. Within the present study, we examine components collected in recent expeditions for the northwest Pacific and re-examine some of earlier RV Vityaz collections from this region. In certain, we re-describe two poorly identified species, Peniagone dubia and P. mus, describe two species new to science, P. minuta and P. saveljevae and supply more data on P. vitrea Th l and P. cf. purpurea. (Figures 1). Molecular information have been obtained for P. mus, P. saveljevae and P. cf. purpurea and applied for phylogenetic analysis (Figures 9 and 10). two. Components and Solutions Specimens were collected in the course of three German-Russian cruises: KuramBio (2012), SokhoBio (2015) and KuramBio II (2016). On top of that, the specimens obtained through the following cruises on the RV Vityaz have been re-examined: 8 (1951), 19 (1954), 22 (1955), 29 (1958), 39 (1966), 43 (1968), 45 (1969), 52 (1972) and 57 (1975). All specimens were collected using benthic trawls and primarily preserved in ethanol. Records of species with locality and sampling information are published by means of GBIF [23]. Specimens had been identified depending on regular characters employed for elpidiid holothurians [24]. Characteristics of external morphology have been examined making use of a stereomicroscope; slide preparations of calcareous epidermal elements (ossicles) of dorsal and ventral sides have been examined employing a compound microscope Olympus BX43. Abbreviations utilised for specimen repositories: IORAS, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia; MIMB, Museum in the A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia; NHM, Organic History Museum, London, UK; NMNH, National Museum of All-natural History, Washington, USA; NOCS, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK; SGN, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany; ZIN, Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia; ZMBN, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Norway. Specimens from SokhoBio, KuramBio and KuramBio II cruises at present stored in IORAS will likely be later deposited at MIMB (SokhoBio and KuramBio) and SGN (KuramBio II). Samples for molecular analyses have been taken for the duration of the KuramBio, SokhoBio and KuramBio II cruises. Other sequences had been obtained in GenBank and BOLD; GenBank Accession Numbers and BOLD Approach ID are listed in Tables S1 and S2. Laboratory operate was performed within the DNA Lab on the University of Bergen, Norway. Fragments of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) had been amplified and sequenced making use of the universal and precise echinoderm primers (Table S1) [259]. Genomic DNA was extracted with QuickExtractTM DNA Extraction Solution utilizing the following protocol: one hundred of QuickExtract answer was added to every single sample air-dried from ethanol, incubated for 45 min at 65 C, following 2 min at 98 C. Amplification.