phenolic with the flavonoids, are in a position to catalyze the incorporation of 1 or

phenolic with the flavonoids, are in a position to catalyze the incorporation of 1 or more hydroxyl groups in benzene rings of the CCR5 Gene ID flavonoid structure [177]. Despite the fact that a higher number of hydroxyl groups within the structure of phenolics is frequently connected with a greater ROS-scavenging potency [179], the extent to which the CYP-hydroxylation of particular flavonoids contribute to improve the cell’s antioxidant capacity remains to be established. As described above, with regards to the ROS-scavenging properties of flavonoids, the oxidation of particular flavonoid structures (i.e., flavonols) is related together with the formation of mixtures of metabolites whose antioxidant activities are largely retained. In view on the ubiquitous distribution and abundance with the flavonol quercetin in edible plants of 29 Antioxidants 2022, 11, x FOR PEER Critique 12 [32,33], and its somewhat low toxicity in humans [180], particular interest has been paid towards the study of your consequences that the oxidation of this flavonoid brings on its antioxidant properties. five. Oxidation of Quercetin and Its Consequences on Its Antioxidant PropertiesAmong dietary flavonoids, Consequences on Its Antioxidant Properties 5. Oxidation of Quercetin and Itsquercetin (five,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavonol or three,5,7,three,4pentahydroxyflavone, incorporated in Figure 2) remains one of the most studied molecules Among dietary flavonoids, quercetin (five,7,three ,four -tetrahydroxyflavonol or three,five,7,3 ,4 [181]. Its early and well-established in vitro capacity to reduce ROS formation by scavengpentahydroxyflavone, incorporated in Figure 2) remains one of the most studied molecules [181]. ing these species [61,182], by chelating redox-active ROS-forming metals [18385], and/or Its early and well-established in vitro capacity to reduced ROS formation by scavenging by inhibiting the activity of CDK3 custom synthesis ROS-generating enzymes for example xanthine oxidase, lipoxythese species [61,182], by chelating redox-active ROS-forming metals [18385], and/or genases, mono-aminooxidase and cyclooxygenase [18690], has constantly prompted by inhibiting the to engage within the study of its enzymes as an as xanthine With regards to its a lot of scientists activity of ROS-generating potential such antioxidant. oxidase, lipoxygenases, mono-aminooxidase and cyclooxygenase [18690], has constantly prompted ROS-scavenging house, quercetin possesses important structural options: ortho-dihydroxy quite a few scientists B-ring (catechol structure), which confers higher antioxidant. With regards to its substitution in to engage inside the study of its possible as an stability towards the flavonoid ROS-scavenging home, quercetin possesses key structural capabilities: ortho-dihydroxy phenoxyl radical via hydrogen bonding or by expanded electron delocalization; the C2substitutionbond (in conjugation structure), which confers high stabilitythe coplanarity C3 double in B-ring (catechol with all the 4-oxo group) which determines to the flavonoid phenoxyl radical through hydrogen bonding or by expanded electron delocalization; theover from the heteroring and participates in radical stabilization by way of electron delocalization C2 three double bond (in conjugation with all the 4-oxo group)and 5-OH groups forthe coplanarity of all 3 ring systems; as well as the presence of your 3-OH which determines maximum radthe heteroring and participates in radical stabilization by means of electron delocalization over all ical scavenging capacity [191,192]. 3 ring systems; and the presence from the 3-OH and 5-OH groups for maximum radical scavenging capacity [191,