P. Heffernan, A. Protopopov, E. Ivanova, J. E. Mahoney, M. Kost-Alimova

P. Heffernan, A. Protopopov, E. Ivanova, J. E. Mahoney, M. Kost-Alimova, S. R. Perry, R. Bronson, R. Liao, R. Mulligan, O. S. Shirihai, L. Chin, R. A. DePinho, Telomere dysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise. Nature 470, 359sirtuininhibitor65 (2011). E. Sahin, R. A. DePinho, Axis of ageing: Telomeres, p53 and mitochondria. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 13, 397sirtuininhibitor04 (2012). A. Safdar, J. M. Bourgeois, D. I. Ogborn, J. P. Small, B. P. Hettinga, M. Akhtar, J. E. Thompson, S. Melov, N. J. Mocellin, G. C. Kujoth, T. A. Prolla, M. A. Tarnopolsky, Endurance physical exercise rescues progeroid aging and induces systemic mitochondrial rejuvenation in mtDNA mutator mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 4135sirtuininhibitor140 (2011). E. Jean, D. Laoudj-Chenivesse, C. Notarnicola, K. Rouger, N. Serratrice, A. Bonnieu, S. Gay, F. Bacou, C. Duret, G. Carnac, Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity promotes survival of human muscle precursor cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 15, 119sirtuininhibitor33 (2011).14.15. 16. 17.18.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALSSupplementary material for this short article is readily available at advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/ content/full/2/7/e1600031/DC1 Supplementary Solutions fig. S1. Analysis of 7q subtelomere. fig. S2. Manage for TERRA-FISH in muscle biopsies. fig. S3. NRF1 is expressed in muscle biopsies. fig. S4. Time course of phenformin remedy in Huh-7 cells. fig. S5. Mutation of NRF1 binding web sites in pGL3-10q construct. fig. S6. mPGC-1a overexpression in Huh-7 cells. fig. S7. Differentiated human myotubes. fig. S8. RNase handle for TERRA-FISH in myotubes.MIG/CXCL9 Protein manufacturer table S1. Overview of obtainable human subtelomeric sequences. table S2. Primers utilized in this study. table S3. Antibodies employed in this study. References (41sirtuininhibitor5) 19. 20. 21.22.23.24.25.REFERENCES AND NOTES1. N. Arnoult, J. Karlseder, Complicated interactions among the DNA-damage response and mammalian telomeres. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 22, 859sirtuininhibitor66 (2015). two. E. H. Blackburn, E. S. Epel, J.TRAIL R2/TNFRSF10B Protein Molecular Weight Lin, Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive issue in aging, disease risks, and protection.PMID:31085260 Science 350, 1193sirtuininhibitor198 (2015). three. M. Kaeberlein, P. S. Rabinovitch, G. M. Martin, Wholesome aging: The ultimate preventative medicine. Science 350, 1191sirtuininhibitor193 (2015). four. C. M. Azzalin, P. Reichenbach, L. Khoriauli, E. Giulotto, J. Lingner, Telomeric repeatsirtuininhibitorcontaining RNA and RNA surveillance elements at mammalian chromosome ends. Science 318, 798sirtuininhibitor01 (2007). 5. S. G. Nergadze, B. O. Farnung, H. Wischnewski, L. Khoriauli, V. Vitelli, R. Chawla, E. Giulotto, C. M. Azzalin, CpG-island promoters drive transcription of human telomeres. RNA 15, 2186sirtuininhibitor194 (2009). six. N. Arnoult, A. Van Beneden, A. Decottignies, Telomere length regulates TERRA levels by means of elevated trimethylation of telomeric H3K9 and HP1a. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19, 948sirtuininhibitor56 (2012). 7. K. Rippe, B. Luke, TERRA along with the state of your telomere. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 22, 853sirtuininhibitor58 (2015). 8. A. Porro, S. Feuerhahn, P. Reichenbach, J. Lingner, Molecular dissection of telomeric repeat-containing RNA biogenesis unveils the presence of distinct and a number of regulatory pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 30, 4808sirtuininhibitor817 (2010). 9. R. L. Flynn, R. C. Centore, R. J. O’Sullivan, R. Rai, A. Tse, Z. Songyang, S. Chang, J. Karlseder, L. Zou, TERRA and hnRNPA1 orchestrate an RPA-to-POT1 switch on telomeric singlestrand.